Clinical Associations of Migraine with Depression, Sleep Disorders, and Selected Lifestyle Factors

INTRODUCTION: Migraine is a common neurological disorder that leads to significant morbidity. In recent years, it has been suggested that migraine may be associated with depression and sleep disturbances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between migraine, depression, and sleep quality.
METHODS: A total of 194 patients with migraine who presented to the neurology outpatient clinic of Afyonkarahisar University of Health Sciences and 90 healthy volunteers were compared. All participants completed the beck depression inventory (BDI) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and demographic as well as clinical data were recorded.
RESULTS: The study included 194 patients with migraine (68.3%) and 90 healthy controls (31.7%). Among migraine patients, 143 (73.7%) were female, while 66 (73.3%) of the control group were female. Mean age was 37.73±13.17 years in the migraine group and 38.01±12.50 years in the control group, with no significant difference between groups (p=0.946 and p=0.746, respectively). BDI and PSQI scores were significantly higher in the migraine group compared to the control group (p<0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence of chronic disease and smoking was higher, whereas alcohol consumption was lower, among individuals with migraine.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that depression and sleep disturbances are common in patients with migraine, supporting the notion that migraine is a complex disorder associated with psychiatric comorbidities. In clinical practice, routine evaluation of psychological status and sleep quality is essential in the management of migraine.

Keywords: Depression, migraine, sleep disorders, smoking