Distribution of Activation Markers According to Stages in the Follow-Up of Patients with Sarcoidosis

INTRODUCTION: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease known for its varied clinical presentation and diagnostic complexity. Despite advances in diagnostic modalities, sarcoidosis diagnosis remains challenging, particularly in asymptomatic cases. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and clinical implications of activation markers in sarcoidosis patients during different stages of follow-up.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 61 sarcoidosis patients seen at a tertiary reference chest diseases hospital. Patient demographics, biochemical markers, respiratory function tests, and diagnostic procedures were evaluated. The CD4/CD8 ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, FEV1 percentage, DLCO (carbon monoxide diffusion test) levels, and serum ACE (serum angiotensin-converting enzyme), calcium were assessed at baseline and during follow-up visits.
RESULTS: Analysis revealed significant variability in activation markers across different stages of sarcoidosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis showed elevated CD4/CD8 ratios (>3.5) in the majority of patients, indicative of disease activity. Additionally, FEV1 percentage and DLCO levels exhibited a progressive decline with advancing disease stages. Serum ACE and calcium levels varied inconsistently and did not show a significant correlation with disease activity.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Assessment of activation markers, particularly the CD4/CD8 ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, provides valuable insights into disease activity and progression in sarcoidosis patients. Monitoring these markers during follow-up visits may aid in the early detection of disease exacerbations and guide treatment decisions. Further research is warranted to elucidate the clinical utility of these markers in sarcoidosis management.