Cumulative Antibiogram Data of Haydarpaþa Numune Training and Research Hospital Intensive Care Unit, Non-intensive Care Services, and Outpatients in 2023

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to present the cumulative antibiogram data of bacteria isolated from outpatient, intensive care unit (ICU), and non-ICU service patients between January and December 2023.
METHODS: The data were evaluated according to CLSI-M39 criteria.
RESULTS: The three most frequently isolated bacteria in ICU patients were A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae, respectively. No antibiotics were identified as suitable for empirical treatment of these bacteria. Amikacin and carbapenems were found suitable for empirical treatment of E. coli. MRSA was detected in 24.2% of isolates, and vancomycin resistance was found in 6.5% of E. faecium isolates. Ampicillin was found to be a suitable empirical treatment option for E. faecalis. In non-ICU patients, the three most frequently isolated bacteria were E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and E. faecalis. No empirical treatment option was found for K. pneumoniae, but amikacin and carbapenems could be used for E. coli isolates. Amikacin was also found suitable for empirical therapy for P. aeruginosa. MRSA prevalence was 33.6%. Vancomycin resistance was not detected in enterococci. Ampicillin, linezolid, and glycopeptides were considered suitable empirical treatment options for E. faecalis. In outpatients, E. coli, E. faecalis, and K. pneumoniae were the most frequently isolated agents. Aminoglycosides and carbapenems were suitable empirical treatment options for E. coli and K. pneumoniae, while ampicillin was suitable for E. faecalis. MRSA was detected in 22.2% of isolates, and no vancomycin resistance was observed in enterococci.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It is concerning that there are no antibiotics suitable for empirical treatment of Gram-negative rods other than E. coli in ICU patients, and of E. coli and P. aeruginosa in non-ICU patients. The MRSA rate was found to be higher in non-ICU patients compared to ICU and outpatient groups. No resistance was observed in S. aureus to linezolid or glycopeptides. High susceptibility to ampicillin was noted in E. faecalis across all patient groups, making it suitable for empirical treatment. It is recommended to identify the causative bacteria as early as possible without waiting for antibiogram results and to initiate empirical treatment guided by the hospital’s cumulative antibiogram data.