INTRODUCTION: The objective of this investigation was to determine the impact of genetic factors on SLI and to assess the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in SLI.
METHODS: A sample of 40 children, aged five, diagnosed with SLI by a licensed speech and language therapist, were selected for the study. The levels of oxidative stress (TAS, TOS, TT, and NT) and inflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were measured using photometric methods and commercially available kits. DNA damage analysis was performed using the Comet Assay technique.
RESULTS: The results showed that the levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage were significantly higher in the group that did not receive SLT, as compared to the control group. The levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage decreased significantly in the group receiving SLT compared to the group not receiving SLT.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study sheds light on the role of DNA damage in the presence of SLI in children and highlights the significance of oxidative stress and inflammation in Specific Language Impairment. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the levels of DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation change positively with speech and language therapy support in children with Specific Language Impairments.

INTRODUCTION: Teachers are part of a child's first social environment; therefore, their knowledge is crucial to the early diagnosis of the autism spectrum. Teachers have a fundamental role in the support services and educational advancement of autistic children. This study aims to determine teachers’ knowledge levels and attitudes about autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
METHODS: This cross-sectional study is a descriptive, national single-center survey study. The target population is teachers who work in preschools, primary schools, and special education centers. It was aimed to reach at least 286 participants. The questionnaire contains sociodemographic data and an ASD knowledge level test.
RESULTS: 21.2% of respondents felt competent in providing training to students with ASD, and 17.2% of them found the level of their knowledge sufficient. 70.6% of the teachers stated that inclusion is required. The rate of correct answers to the statements of teachers who participated in the training about autism was significantly higher than those who didn’t.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The knowledge level of teachers about ASD is sufficient, but they feel inadequate due to the large number of students to deal with in the classroom. The quality of life of these children with special needs will increase if primary care physicians provide education and counseling to teachers to increase awareness and knowledge about autism.

INTRODUCTION: Childhood health problems can lead to bigger problems in the future if not diagnosed early. Low socio-economic levels are closely related to the health of children, and more health problems are expected. This study aims to identify the health problems of Syrian refugee and Turkish school-age children and evaluate the common problems to plan health services accordingly.
METHODS: The study was planned to be conducted at schools in determined districts. Informed consent forms were prepared in Turkish and Arabic and delivered to 14,514 Turkish and Syrian refugee children. The field visits of the study were completed between April–June 2019. A total of 12,603 children—2,101 Turkish and 10,502 Syrian—were examined by trained health personnel and doctors in 31 planned schools in the districts using the designed examination form.
RESULTS: 12,603 students underwent health examinations; 7,025 students were found appropriate for further examination and tests, and 3,961 students were referred to hospitals for treatment. The most common health problems were dental issues and upper respiratory tract diseases. Acute rheumatic fever was detected in four children, and mitral valve insufficiency was detected in two children.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Consequently, our study revealed the need to refer 10,986 of the 12,603 children for further examination, tests, or treatment. The study aimed to determine the health problems of school-age Syrian immigrants and Turkish children and to shed light on the health services to be provided.

INTRODUCTION: Investigating how nuchal umbilical cord tension affects the developmental journey of newborns until their first year's completion.
METHODS: Our study, conducted in two participating hospitals, spanned a duration of five years. The study encompassed newborns categorized into three groups: those with a tightly wrapped nuchal cord, those with a loosely wrapped nuchal cord, and a control group consisting of newborns without a nuchal cord. Both cohorts underwent evaluations utilizing Apgar scores and conventional cardiotocography (CTG) results. The developmental advancements of the newborns were assessed by employing the Munich Functional Scale upon reaching the conclusion of their initial year.
RESULTS: The incidence of Apgar scores below 7 was markedly higher (p<0.001) among newborns with a nuchal cord when compared to the control group. Within the group of newborns with a nuchal cord, those with a tightly wrapped cord exhibited considerably lower Apgar scores in comparison to those with a loosely wrapped cord (p<0.001). Statistically significant pathological cardiotocographic findings were identified in newborns with a nuchal cord in comparison to the control group. Within the neonatal cohort, the cardiotocographic data of infants with a tightly wrapped nuchal cord were significantly lower than those with a loosely wrapped nuchal cord (p<0.001). At the age of two years, infants who were born with a tightly wrapped nuchal cord exhibited a notable developmental delay when compared to those born with a loosely wrapped nuchal cord and the control group (p<0.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The presence of a nuchal cord poses a risk factor for subsequent developmental concerns. Timely identification of the nuchal cord, particularly when it is tightly wrapped around the neck, is of utmost importance in mitigating potential future health complications.

INTRODUCTION: In late December 2019, China's local office of the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a case of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan City. In January 2020, the disease caused by 2019-nCoV was defined as COVID-19. Some reports stated that more than half of COVID-19 patients have liver disease of varying degrees. We hypothesized that liver injury might be common in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. The current study scrutinized the changes in the liver function tests alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and total bilirubin in patients with and without COVID-19 admitted to the ICU at University Hospital.
METHODS: There were 100 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and 80 non-COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the ICU in this retrospective study. The study was conducted between March 15, 2020, and November 15, 2021 (20 months). Inclusion criteria for the control (n=80) and study groups (n=100) were to be older than 18 years of age and not have any liver disease. In addition, another inclusion criterion for the study group was having a diagnosis of COVID-19. AST, ALT, and total bilirubin results were obtained from a data recording system named “Pusula” used in Medipol Mega University Hospital. Data was analyzed by GraphPad Prism v. 5.0 statistical program, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: Findings demonstrated that ALT and AST levels were significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 when compared with patients without COVID-19 (p<0.05). Total bilirubin was also observed as elevated in patients with COVID-19. However, this elevation was not significant (p>0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In conclusion, it can be stated that COVID-19 may cause hepatosteatosis resulting in liver damage. However, further studies are needed to elucidate possible mechanisms of liver injury in COVID-19 patients and their significance for clinical prognosis.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess depression, anxiety, and coronaphobia in post-stroke patients and to explore the potential influencing factors.
METHODS: The study included patients aged ≥18 years who had a clinical diagnosis of stroke with a mini-mental state examination score ≥24 and were able to communicate in Turkish on the telephone. Coronaphobia was assessed with the COVID-19 phobia scale (CP19-S), while anxiety and depression were evaluated with the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS).
RESULTS: The HADS scores showed that 45.5% of patients had a severe risk for depression while 19.5% had a severe risk for anxiety. According to the results of binary logistic regression analysis, risk factors for depression are anxiety and coronaphobia. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that Barthel index levels and anxiety were found to predict coronaphobia, while depression and coronaphobia were found to predict anxiety.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Post-stroke patients, particularly younger, physically independent or partially dependent, and unemployed patients, are psychologically affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Early detection of psychological problems and their risk factors might help predict long-term outcomes and could pioneer early interventions of rehabilitation treatment strategies; it may also contribute to the protection of mental health.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of daily meteorological parameters on the number of patients applying to the emergency department as a result of exposure to aggressive behavior.
METHODS: In our retrospectively planned study, patients who were admitted to the university hospital emergency department between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2021, due to stab wounds, gunshot wounds, and assault were included in the study. The relationship between the meteorological parameters, including air temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, and maximum wind speed on the admission days of these patients, was analyzed.
RESULTS: In the study, a total of 7825 patients admitted due to stab wounds (n=1110), gunshot wounds (n=681), and assault (n=6034) were included. The highest number of applications to the emergency department due to exposure to physical violence were on Fridays (n=1225, 16%) and in August (n=780, 10%), and the lowest applications were on Sundays (n=1014, 13%) and in February (n=428, 6%). According to the results of the Poisson regression analysis of the relationship between patient applications and daily measurement parameters, average relative humidity and average wind speed were found to be independent determinants for stab wounds and gunshot wounds, and average temperature and average wind speed were found to be independent determinants for assault.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Meteorological parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, and maximum wind speed affect exposure to aggressive behavior and the need for emergency healthcare.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to investigate whether piroxicam, either alone or in combination with the local anaesthetic agent lidocaine hydrochloride, differs from standalone local anaesthesia and without medication, thereby providing effective pain control in the termination of early pregnancies.
METHODS: Our study is a case-control study in which 177 individuals with pregnancies between 5-9 weeks of gestation who applied to the research hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, for legal pregnancy termination were included. The participants were divided into four groups. The groups were administered as follows: a control group without medication, a paracervical block with lidocaine hydrochloride, sublingual piroxicam, and a combination of both lidocaine hydrochloride and sublingual piroxicam. After the completion of the aspiration curettage procedure, the pain intensity experienced by the groups was evaluated using the Five-Point Pain Scale.
RESULTS: The participants' mean age was 31.02±6.14 years, and the average gestational week was 7.05±0.78. There was a statistically significant difference in pain intensity among the groups (p<0.001). The pain intensity in the control group was significantly higher than in the local anaesthetic (p<0.001), piroxicam (p<0.001), and piroxicam + local anaesthetic (p<0.01) groups.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The use of lidocaine hydrochloride for paracervical block, in combination with piroxicam during the aspiration curettage procedure for pregnancies between 5-9 weeks, is effective, safe, and provides good pain control.

INTRODUCTION: Cesarean scar endometriosis is a rare form of extra-pelvic endometriosis. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical and surgical outcomes of patients with cesarean scar endometriosis.
METHODS: We collected the clinical, surgical, and follow-up data of patients diagnosed with cesarean scar endometriosis who attended Kartal Lütfi Kırdar Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, from April 2019 to May 2022.
RESULTS: There were 34 patients with a median age of 32.5 (range: 26-45). All cesarean scar endometriosis was located in the corners of the Pfannenstiel incision: 18 (52.9%) on the left and 16 (47.1%) on the right corners, respectively. Follow-up examination over 32 months revealed that five patients had a recurrence. The median volume of the CSE was 2467.51 mm³ (range: 635.97-56013.3). The mean size on ultrasonography was 26.1 mm. There was a significant improvement in the postoperative VAS scores for dysmenorrhea, non-cyclic pelvic pain, and dyspareunia.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study indicates that surgical excision is the preferred and effective treatment. Postoperative VAS scores for dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, and non-cyclic pelvic pain were dramatically decreased after surgical treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Given the significant likelihood of respiratory, physical, and psychological impairment during Covid-19, a large percentage of patients should be referred to a rehabilitation program. Even among patients with chronic respiratory disorders, awareness of pulmonary rehabilitation is limited. We believe that during the pandemic, people's knowledge of pulmonary rehabilitation grew. The purpose of this study is to determine patient awareness of pulmonary rehabilitation and provide information about pulmonary rehabilitation.
METHODS: Outpatients from the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation clinic who agreed to participate were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: those previously infected with Covid-19 and those who were not. Multiple choice questions were used to assess knowledge of specific topics about pulmonary rehabilitation. Both groups' pulmonary rehabilitation awareness was assessed and compared. Patients who had a past infection with Covid-19 were also asked additional questions about the course of the disease. The patients who requested to learn more were informed about pulmonary rehabilitation.
RESULTS: Considering the total of patients participating in the study in terms of pulmonary rehabilitation awareness, 66.8% of the patients had an average awareness level. In terms of awareness levels, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Awareness allows patients to develop stronger self-management abilities, which helps to reduce the severity of the disease, avoid hospitalizations, and enhance health-related quality of life. As a result, patients' awareness of the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation should be raised.

INTRODUCTION: Heart failure (HF) is still one of the important causes of both mortality and recurrent hospitalization. Levosimendan is an important agent that reduces these outcomes in decompensated HF. We aimed to share the effects of levosimendan on various echocardiographic parameters and systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle in the early period.
METHODS: Twenty patients with stage IV heart failure (ischemic or non-ischemic) according to NYHA, with resting blood pressure >100 mmHg, left ventricular ejection fraction <35%, and clinically unstable despite conventional therapy were included in the study. Before starting levosimendan, left and right ventricular systolic and diastolic functions and coronary flows were examined in echocardiography. The same echocardiographic parameters were re-examined in all patients 24 hours after levosimendan treatment.
RESULTS: When we made the evaluations, it was observed that systolic functions improved in the early period after levosimendan, but it was observed that the improvement in diastolic functions did not occur in the early period.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Since the echocardiographic evaluation was performed only 24 hours after levosimendan, it was considered necessary to re-examine the tests after 7 days, especially to evaluate the tests evaluating diastolic functions.

INTRODUCTION: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem. This study aimed to compare the results of complete recovery, chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and death in patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) by examining the factors determining mortality and morbidity in patients with AKI.
METHODS: Patients who received RRT due to AKI in our hospital between 2012 and 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Eighty-seven patients diagnosed with AKI according to RIFLE and KDIGO criteria and who received RRT were evaluated according to their demographic, laboratory, and recovery status.
RESULTS: The number of patients undergoing hemodialysis due to AKI was 87. Forty-four of the cases were female, and 43 were male. The mean age was 67.6±17 years. Eighty-one of the patients had at least one co-morbid disease other than AKI. Thirty-one patients died before leaving the hospital. Nineteen patients recovered from AKI. Permanent kidney damage occurred in 37 patients. Two patients developed ESRD. The most common cause of death was sepsis (39%).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: According to RIFLE and KDIGO classification, in patients with AKI who underwent RRT, the presence of infection, concomitant diseases, and advanced age of the patient significantly contribute to determining the prognosis when examining the irreversible deterioration of kidney functions and the factors causing the death of the patient.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis, especially the postmenopausal type, is a global health problem. Quantitative CT and advanced MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) may be used to diagnose in addition to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), the gold standard. However, using these techniques in everyday practice is difficult and not applicable in all centers. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of quantitative MRI scoring based on standard lumbar MRI examination and its correlation with DEXA data in detecting osteoporosis and osteopenia in postmenopausal women.
METHODS: In our study, 190 lumbar MRI and DEXA patients were examined between 2019 and 2022. Quantitative MRI-based score (M-score) data was extracted using Bandirali et al.'s method. Measurements were averaged for L1–L4 vertebrae on T1W images. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated. The reference group's SNR L1-L4 and standard deviation were measured. M-score was determined as (M-score = [SNRL1-L4-SNRref ]/Sdref ). Comparisons were made between DEXA and MRI M-scores. P<0.05 was significant.
RESULTS: The average age and BMI (body mass index) were 59.4 and 29.4, respectively. Patients were categorized as normal (n=91), osteopenia (n=79), and osteoporosis (n=20) by DEXA. Osteoporosis got the highest M-score. The M-score cut-off value for normal and osteopenia distinction was >10.3 (p<0.03); for normal and osteoporosis distinction was >26.26 (p<0.001); for osteoporosis and osteopenia differentiation was >23.8 (p<0.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In our study, the M-score detected osteopenia and osteoporosis with high sensitivity and specificity. Lumbar MRI-based M-score can be used as an imaging biomarker for early diagnosis, monitoring of treatment response, and reduction of fracture risk in postmenopausal women or individuals at risk of osteoporosis.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to examine the successful aging conditions of geriatric home health patients.
METHODS: The design of this study is descriptive and cross-sectional. The study was conducted with 605 patients aged 60 and over who received service from the home health unit of a training and research hospital. IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 program was used in the analysis of the data.
RESULTS: The successful aging score of geriatric home health patients was found to be 32.46±12.74, which is considered low. A significant relationship was found between successful aging score and patients' age, marital status, education level, and chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and cancer (p<0.05). In addition, a significant relationship was found between the duration of the patients receiving service from the home health unit and their gender, as well as the presence of a patient's relative who looked after them (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result, successful aging scores of geriatric home health patients are low. In order to ensure successful aging, home health units should work in coordination with preventive, curative, and rehabilitative health institutions and develop training modules to increase healthy life activities.

INTRODUCTION: The SARS-CoV-2 virus can cause a high rate of olfactory disorders. Although some patients report subjective improvement, quantitative olfactory tests may not reflect an actual improvement in olfactory function. The aim of our study was to assess the olfactory dysfunction caused by SARS-CoV-2 using the Sniffin' Sticks test and to determine whether there is a significant difference in the results of olfactory tests between patients with olfactory recovery and those without.
METHODS: The study included 54 patients with olfactory disorders after a COVID-19 diagnosis and 27 healthy controls. COVID-19 patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=27) with recovered complaints and Group 2 (n=27) with persistent complaints. Olfactory functions were tested using the Sniffin' Sticks test and compared with those of the healthy controls (Group 3, n=27).
RESULTS: Threshold (T), Discrimination (D), Identification (I), and TDI scores significantly decreased (p<0.01) between the olfactory dysfunction groups (Groups 1 and 2) and the healthy controls. Comparison between Groups 1 and 2 showed significant decreases in D, I, and TDI scores (p<0.01), while T scores did not differ significantly (p>0.05). In Group 1, the mean recovery time for olfactory dysfunction was recorded as 11.7 days.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In the subjective evaluation of COVID-19 patients who reported improvement in their sense of smell, the validated olfactory test revealed that their olfactory impairment persisted. According to the results of the Sniffin' Sticks test, lower TDI values were observed compared to healthy controls.

INTRODUCTION: Malignant esophageal obstructions can lead to malnutrition, mortality, and difficulties in managing the underlying malignancy. Endoscopic stent placement is a palliative treatment method that can provide rapid improvement in dysphagia. The aim of this study is to investigate the short-term effectiveness and safety of endoscopic stent placement in patients with malignant esophageal obstructions.
METHODS: Patients who underwent endoscopic stent placement due to malignant esophageal strictures between January 2012 and January 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, dysphagia scores, complications, and mortality data of the patients with stent placement were evaluated.
RESULTS: The mean age of the 46 patients was 67.1±13.3 years, and 19 (41.3%) were female. Endoscopic stents were placed mostly for esophageal cancer in 26 (56.5%) patients. The most common pathological diagnosis was esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (58.6%). A fully covered self-expanding metallic stent was placed in 19 (41.3%) and a partially covered one in 27 (58.7%) patients. The technical success rate was 100%. Forty (86.9%) patients began to eat soft foods 24 hours after stent placement. The most common complication was retrosternal pain (56.5%). Complications requiring endoscopic intervention occurred in 5 (10.8%) patients. Mortality occurred in 40 (87%) patients, and 11 (27.5%) survived for more than 3 months (Min-max: 125-512 days).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although the endoscopic placement of a self-expanding metallic stent in patients with malignant dysphagia may have the potential to cause complications, it is a reliable palliative treatment method that can be preferred due to its high technical success rate and rapid relief of dysphagia.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate pain symptoms, functional outcomes, and quality of life (QoL) before and after surgery for rectosigmoid endometriosis.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on patients who underwent laparoscopic segmental resection, discoid resection, or shaving for DIE in a tertiary referral hospital. Pre- and postoperative data based on surgical records and questionnaires covering bowel, urinary function, and QoL were collected. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Constipation Severity Scale (CSS), Overactive Bladder-Validated 8-questionnaire Screener (OAB-V8), and 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used as scales.
RESULTS: All measures of QoL except mental health were improved at three months after surgery. The median Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score significantly decreased three months after surgery (p<0.001). Women surgically treated had significantly improved results on the Constipation Severity Scale (p<0.001). Overall Overactive Bladder-Validated 8-questionnaire Screener scores did not show any significant change after surgery when compared to the preoperative scores (p<0.001). There were few complications associated with surgery for rectosigmoid endometriosis.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Surgery for rectosigmoid endometriosis results in improvements in all aspects of pain and bowel functions three months after surgery. A significant and clinically relevant improvement in QoL, except for mental health, was observed three months after surgery.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to determine whether it is possible to increase the cytotoxic effects of known anti-cancer agents with natural compounds. For this purpose, the antiproliferative effect of Aloe vera (AVE) against human breast cancer (MCF-7) and lung cancer (A549) and the in vitro potential anticancer activity of its combination with Paclitaxel (PAX) were investigated.
METHODS: The antiproliferative activity of the AVE and AVE-PAX combination was assessed against MCF-7 and A549 cancer cell lines and non-cancer cell (BEAS-2B) using xCELLigence real-time cell analysis. Cell apoptosis was determined by DNA laddering assay and Annexin V/FITC flow cytometer, and cell migration was evaluated by wound healing assay.
RESULTS: Treatment with the AVE and AVE-PAX significantly increased the antiproliferative activity in A549, MCF-7, and BEAS-2B cells compared to the control group (p<0.05). AVE-PAX combination administration resulted in earlier antiproliferative activity than AVE in all three cell lines (p<0.05). It was determined that when 24 µg/mL AVE and 5 µM PAX were applied together, it triggered the apoptotic process in A549 and MCF-7 cells and showed an anti-migration effect.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In our study, the combination of AVE-PAX reduced the growth and cell migration of MCF-7 and A549 cells with low PAX susceptibility in vitro and induced early apoptosis of A549 and MCF-7 cells. These results show that the use of AVE together with PAX is effective in NSCLC and breast cancer and has a synergistic effect.

INTRODUCTION: In our article, our aim was to compare patients with aneurysmal SAH (subarachnoid hemorrhage) treated during and before the COVID-19 pandemic—regardless of whether they have COVID-19 pneumonia or not—in terms of clinical course, mortality, and morbidity.
METHODS: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 100 patients undergoing surgery at our institution between 02/2018 and 02/2021. These patients were followed up for a period of 1 month during the period with the highest risk of vasospasm. Patients were compared based on sex, aneurysm location, presence of single or multiple aneurysms, WFNS grade, Fisher grade, complications, frequency of vasospasm, and mortality and morbidity. Complication rate and vasospasm rate were found to be higher in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients seen during the COVID pandemic period. This may be due to the late admission of patients to the hospital.
RESULTS: Of those patients, 51% were female and 49% were male. The mean age was 51.33±12.94. The vasospasm frequency was 18% before the COVID-19 pandemic; during the pandemic, the rate significantly increased to 58%. Of the 38 patients with vasospasm, 26 were symptomatic and 12 were asymptomatic; symptomatic vasospasm was seen during the pandemic. Mean GCS scores and WFNS grades were significant, and the mean Hunt-Hess Scale score was nearly significantly higher during the pandemic in comparison to pre-pandemic time periods. During the pre-pandemic period, the complication rate was 40%, the presence of hydrocephalus was 8%, and vasospasm was unseen. During the pandemic, the complication rate significantly increased to 64%, hydrocephalus to 26%, and vasospasm to 26%.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The higher complication rate and vasospasm rate in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage seen during the COVID pandemic may be due to the late admission of these patients to the hospital. In SAH patients, the onset of symptoms instead of the date of hospital admission should be considered when determining the disease course, and the possibility of earlier vasospasm should always be kept in mind due to delays in diagnosing and treating the condition.

INTRODUCTION: Endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma is one of the most common gynecological cancers in women, with an increasing incidence in recent years. CXC chemokines and their receptors, which play a critical role in regulating immune and angiogenic processes in the tumor microenvironment, are thought to have significant functions in endometrial carcinogenesis.
METHODS: In this study, we comprehensively examined the expression profiles of five CXC chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL4, and CXCL4L1) and three CXCR3 receptor variants (CXCR3A, CXCR3B, and CXCR3-alt) in 50 normal endometrium and 50 endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma samples using quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analyses.
RESULTS: Quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed significant upregulation of CXCR3A, CXCR3-alt, CXCL9, and CXCL11 in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma, whereas CXCR3B, CXCL10, CXCL4, and CXCL4L1 were downregulated. These findings indicate that the pro-proliferative CXCR3A/CXCR3-alt axis becomes hyperactive in tumor tissue, while the angiostatic CXCR3B axis is suppressed. Furthermore, we observed distinct chemokine correlation patterns in normal endometrium and tumor tissue, suggesting a reorganization of the chemokine network during disease progression. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the tissue-level localization and cell-specific expression of these molecules. When integrated with clinical data, certain chemokine expression patterns showed significant correlations with tumor stage and grade. Notably, high CXCR3A and low CXCR3B expression were associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype and poor prognosis.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study provides a comprehensive view of the disruption of the CXC chemokine network in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. Our findings demonstrate that these molecules not only play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease but also have potential as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Targeting CXCR3 receptor variants and their ligands may lead to the development of novel strategies for endometrial cancer treatment in the future. Further studies should focus on translating these findings into clinical applications and evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of CXC chemokine modulation.

INTRODUCTION: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a severe zoonotic disease characterized by a spectrum of clinical manifestations, including fever and organ bleeding. Specific endemic regions, such as Türkiye's Kelkit Valley, have established prognostic classification systems that notably exclude considerations of blood groups. This study aims to contribute to this evolving field by assessing whether blood groups play a significant role in the course of CCHF.
METHODS: The study involves 368 patients who were followed up at our clinic between 2011-2023. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationships between demographic characteristics, blood groups, severe case presentations, and mortality rates. The relationships between blood group, gender, age, severe case status, and death status were assessed.
RESULTS: Our findings indicate that individuals with blood group A (+) exhibited a significantly higher rate of severe CCHF cases. However, blood group did not significantly affect mortality rates. Notably, advancing age was identified as a risk factor for mortality.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study contributes valuable insights into the interplay between blood groups and CCHF outcomes, suggesting that blood group A (+) may be associated with an elevated risk of severe disease. Understanding the role of blood groups in CCHF may inform risk assessment and potential personalized therapeutic interventions in the future.

Forestier syndrome, also known as Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH), is characterized by typical findings of ossification and calcification primarily of the anterior longitudinal ligament, which result in osteophyte formation. This is a rare condition and is rarely associated with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and obesity. It occurs mostly in the fifth and sixth decades of life and predominantly in males. This report describes a case of a 68-year-old man with DISH syndrome, who experienced a difficult airway and a serious complication during intubation.

Classical serum sickness is a type III immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity disease caused by immunization of the host by non-human serum proteins. Anti-thymocyte globulin is one of the agents mostly responsible. Prophylactic steroids are used in the treatment protocol of aplastic anemia in addition to anti-thymocyte globulin. A 33-year-old female patient diagnosed with aplastic anemia developed severe serum sickness with anti-thymocyte globulin, despite the administration of a prophylactic dose of methylprednisolone. The patient responded dramatically to a single dose of pulse steroid therapy. There are reports that high-dose steroids (1-2 mg/kg/day to 500-1000 mg/day methylprednisolone) and/or therapeutic plasma exchange are beneficial treatment options. Our report shows the benefit of a single pulse dose of steroid and gradual tapering of the dose in this case.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a relatively rare subtype of stroke that occurs as a result of hypercoagulability. It is more common in women than men, with a ratio of three to one. Gender-specific risk factors for women include oral contraceptives, pregnancy, puerperium, and assisted reproductive methods such as hormone therapy. We report a 38-year-old female patient with a history of migraine attacks, presenting with a migraine-like headache following in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment and diagnosed with CVST. The thrombophilia panel showed a homozygous methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) A1298C mutation. Hereby, we aim to highlight the importance of evaluating thrombotic risk factors in women before initiating IVF treatment and the assessment of proper dosage for thromboprophylaxis. Especially those with a mechanical heart valve, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS), antithrombin-3 deficiency, MTHFR, and factor V Leiden mutation are at high risk. Thromboprophylaxis should be started right after the initiation of IVF treatment and should be continued during pregnancy.