GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu retrospektif çalýþma ile ülkemizin iki farklý bölgesinde yaþayan ve iki farklý branþ tarafýndan deðerlendirilen çocuklardaki deri hastalýklarý prevalansýný araþtýrmayý amaçladýk.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: 2010 yýlýnda Kahramanmaraþ Elbistan Devlet Hastanesi Dermatoloji polikliniðine baþvuran 0-16 yaþ arasýndaki 2307 çocuk ile Ýstanbul Paþabahçe Devlet Hastanesi Pediatri polikliniðine dermatolojik þikayetlerle baþvuran 418 çocuk, otomasyon dosya sisteminden retrospektif olarak analiz edildi. Toplam 2725 hasta demografik verilere ve tanýlara göre gruplandýrýldýlar.
BULGULAR: 0-16 yas arasýndaki 2725 çocuk hastanýn 1470’i kýz (%53.9), 1255’i erkekti (%46.1). Hastalarýn ortalama yaþý 9,5 ± 5.2 yýldý. En sýk görülen hastalýk grubu enfeksiyöz hastalýklar olup (%25.8), bunu ekzemalar (%21.2), akne (%17.3) ve diðer gruplar (%16.6) izlemekteydi. Enfeksiyöz hastalýklar içinde 412 hasta (%15.1) ile viral hastalýklar en sýk görülendi. Ekzema grubu içinde kontakt dermatit 194 hasta (%7.1) ile en sýk görülendi. Genel olarak bakýldýðýnda tüm hastalýklar içinde %17.3 ile akne ilk sýrada yer almaktaydý. Hastalýk gruplarýnýn polikliniklere göre daðýlýmýnda; dermatoloji kliniðinde en sýk görülen 3 hastalýk akne (%20.3), viral infeksiyonlar (%14.2) ve kontakt dermatit (%8.2) iken pediatri kliniðinde en sýk görülen 3 hastalýk ürtiker (%23.2), viral infeksiyonlar (%19.9) ve diaper dermatitti (%19.4).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Pediatrik dönemde görülen deri hastalýklarý ile ilgili epidemiyolojik veriler az olduðu için pediatri ile ilgili diðer branþlarla iþ birliði içerisinde gerçekleþtirilecek olan geniþ çaplý epidemiyolojik çalýþmalarýn; saðlýk eðitim proðramlarýnýn düzenlenmesi ve koruyucu hekimlik açýsýndan yararlý olabileceðini düþünmekteyiz.

INTRODUCTION: With this retrospective study, we aimed searching the prevalance of the children with skin diseases living in two different regions of our country and examined by two different departments.
METHODS: 2307 children aged between 0-16years years who were referred to the dermatology outpatient clinic of Kahramanmaraþ Elbistan State Hospital, 418 children aged between 0-16 years years who were referred to the pediatric outpatient clinic of Ýstanbul Paflabahçe State Hospital in 2010 were retrospectively analyzed using the computer database. 2725 patients were categorized according to their demographical data and diagnosis.
RESULTS: 2725 children patients aged between 0-16, 1470 of them female (%53.9%), 1255 of them were male (46.1%). The average age of the patients was 9.5 ± 5.2 years. The most common disease group was enfectious diseases (25.8%), eczema (21.1%), acne (17.3%) and the other groups (16.6%) followed this. In enfectious diseases, viral diseases was the most common experienced with 412 patients (15.1%). In eczema group, contakt dermatit was the most common dermatose with 194 patients (7.1%). In generally acne (17.3%) was the first of all the diseases. In policlinics according to the distribution of the disease groups; while the most common 3 diseases in dermatology clinic were acne (20.3%), viral infections (14.2%) and contact dermatitis (8.2%), the most common 3 diseases in podiatry clinic were urticaria (%23.2), viral infections (19.9%), and diaper dermatitis (19.4%).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In our opinion as epidemiological data on skin diseases were seen in paediatric period are few, the large-scale epidemiological studies to be carried out in cooperation with the other branches connected with pediatrics may be useful for regulation of health education programmes and in terms of preventive medicine.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Çalýþmamýzda gliserol trinitrat, esmolol ve lidokainin entübasyona hemodinamik yanýt üzerine olan etkilerini araþtýrmayý amaçladýk.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Etik kurul onayý alýnmasýnýn ardýndan ASA I–II risk grubunda, ortalama ameliyat süresi 45–90 dk olacak 90 olgu çalýþmaya alýnarak rastgele 3 gruba ayrýldý. Grup G (gliserol trinitrat)’ye 25 μg gliserol trinitrat, Grup E (esmolol)’ye 1 mg/kg esmolol ve Grup L (lidokain)’ye 1,5 mg/kg lidokain intravenöz (iv) uygulandý. Propofol ve roküronyum bromür ile anestezi indüksiyonu saðlandý. indüksiyonu takiben ve entübasyon sonrasý hemodinamik deðerler kayýt edildi. Entübasyon sonrasý sistolik arteriyel kan basýncýnýn kontrol deðerinin %20 üzerine çýkmasý halinde 50 μg fentanil uygulandý. Anestezi idamesine %65 N2O - %35 O2 karýþýmý içinde %2 sevoþuran ile devam edildi.
BULGULAR: Gruplar arasýnda entübasyona hemodinamik yanýtý baskýlama açýsýndan anlamlý farklýlýk olmadýðý belirlendi. Ancak Grup L’de entübasyon aþamasýndaki KAH, SKB ve DKB’ý kontrol deðerlerine göre anlamlý arttý (p<0.05). Grup E’de entübasyonla KAH ve SKB’ýnda anlamlý bir artýþ olmadý. Entübasyon sonrasý opioid tüketimi Grup L’de daha fazlaydý (p<0.05).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Entübasyona reþeks yanýtý baskýlamakta çalýþma dozlarýnda kullanýlan üç ilacýn da yetersiz olduðu, ancak esmololün entübasyona baðlý hemodinamik yanýtý daha iyi önlediði kanýsýna varýldý.

INTRODUCTION: In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of glyceryl trinitrate, esmolol and lidocaine on hemodynamic response to intubation.
METHODS: After obtaining approval of ethic committee, 90 patients in ASA risc group I-II with mean operation time of 45-90 min were included in the study and randomly divided into three groups. Group G (Glyceryl trinitrate) received 25 μg of glyceryl trinitrate, Group E (esmolol) 1 mg/kg of esmolol and Group L (lidocaine) 1,5 mg/kg of lidocaine intravenous (iv). Propofol ve rocuronium bromide were used for anaesthesia induction. Hemodynamic data were recorded after induction and intubation. Fentanyl 50 μg was applied if systolic arterial blood pressure after intubation exceeded 20 % of control value. Anaesthesia maintenance was performed with 2 % sevoflurane in 65 % N2O - 35 %O2 mixture.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the groups according to suppression of hemodynamic response. However, KAH, SKB and DKB values of Group L increased when compared with control values (p<0.05). There was no significant increase in KAH and SKB of Group E with intubation. After intubation opioid consumption was higher in Group L (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the three drugs used for suppression of reflex response to intubation were insuffient in study doses, however esmolol prevented the hemodynamic response to intubation better than other drugs.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Non alkolik yaðlý karaciðer hastalýðý (NAFLD) son dönem karaciðer hastalýðýna ilerleyebilen ve önemi her geçen gün daha da artan klinik ve patolojik bir durumdur. NAFLD’ye metabolik sendrom (MS) sýklýkla eþlik edebilmekte ve bu durum prognozu olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu çalýþmanýn amacý poliklinið imizde NAFLD tanýsý alan hastalarýmýzda MS sýklýðýný ve MS bileþenlerin daðýlýmýný incelemektir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Ýç hastalýklarý polikliniðimizde en az 3 aydýr sebat eden alanin aminotransaminaz (ALT) ve/veya aspartat aminotransaminaz (AST) yüksekliði bulunan, iki radyoloji uzmaný tarafýndan ultrasonografik görünüm itibariyle NAFLD lehine bulgu saptanmýþ, viral hepatit markýrlarý, otoimmün hepatit markýrlarý, monotest, seruloplazmin, alfa-1 antitripsin tetkikleri yapýlarak kronik karaciðer hastalýðýnýn diðer nedenleri dýþlanmýþ ve bu þekilde NAFLD tanýsý almýþ 28 hasta çalýþmaya dahil edildi (Grup I). Kontrol grubu olarak yaþ ve cinsiyet açýsýndan hasta grubu ile benzerlik gösteren 28 saðlýklý gönüllü (Grup II) alýndý. Olgularýn açlýk kan þekeri, lipid profili, ALT, AST, total protein, albümin, ürik asit testleri incelendi, arteryel kan basýncý deðerleri, vücut aðýrlýklarý, boylarý, bel çevreleri ölçülerek kaydedildi. Alkol kullanýmý bulunan, viral ve/veya otoimmün hepatiti bulunan, böbrek yetmezliði, KOAH, karaciðer sirozu, DM tanýlarý bulunan, NAFLD‘ye neden olabilecek ilaç kullanan hastalar çalýþma dýþý býrakýldý. MS tanýsýnda NCEP ATP III’ün 2005’de revize edilen taný kriterleri kullanýldý. istatistiksel analizler için SPSS for Windows 16.0 programý kullanýldý.
BULGULAR: NAFLD’li 28 olgunun 21’i kadýn, 7’si erkek, yaþ ortalamasý 49.57±7.85’di. Kontrol grubunun 24’ü kadýn, 4’ü erkek, yaþ ortalamasý 47.00±7.09’du. Yaþ ve cinsiyet açýsýndan gruplar arasýnda istatistiksel anlamlý farklýlýk bulunmadý (p>0.05). Gruplar vücut aðýrlýðý, boy, beden kitle indeksi açýsýndan benzer bulunmakla birlikte, NAFLD’li hastalarýn bel çevreleri kontrollere göre anlamlý yüksek bulundu (p<0.05). Açlýk kan þekeri, trigliserid, LDL, total kolesterol, ALT, AST, serum albümin, ürik asit düzeyleri hasta grubunda istatistiksel anlamlý yüksek, HDL anlamlý düþük bulundu (p<0.05). Sistolik kan basýncý ve diyastolik kan basýncý Grup I’de Grup II’ye oranla istatistiksel anlamlý yüksek bulundu (p<0.05). Grup I’de MS sýklýðý %75 (21 hasta), Grup II’de %21.43 (6 hasta) idi; gruplar arasýndaki fark ileri derecede anlamlý bulundu (p<0.001).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: NAFLD’li hastalar MS bileþenlerinin tümü açýsýndan yüksek risk altýndadýr. Tedavide tüm bu bileþenlerin kontrolü ayrý ayrý hedeþenmeli, kilo kontrolü yanýnda bel çevrelerinin ideal seviyelere getirilmesi de mutlaka tedavi hedeþerinin arasýnda yer almalýdýr.

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which can progress end-stage liver disease has an increasing clinical and pathological condition. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is often able to accompany NAFLD and adversely affect the prognosis of this condition. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of MS and its components in our subjects with diagnosis of NAFLD.
METHODS: We included 28 patients that persistently elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels for at least 3 months. Subjects that tested negative for markers of viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, monotest, ceruloplasmin, alpha -1 antitrypsin were included and NAFLD was diagnosed by two radiologists with ultrasound examination (Group I). As a control group, 28 healthy volunteers included with age and gender match with the cases (GroupII). Fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, ALT, AST, total protein, albumin, uric acid, blood samples were examined. Arterial blood pressure, body weight, height, waist circumference measured and recorded. Exclusion criteria: The use of alcohol, autoimmune hepatitis, viral hepatitis, comorbid situations like renal failure, COPD, patients with diabetes and patients using drugs that can causes NAFLD. The revised NCEP ATP III diagnostic criteria was used for the
diagnosis of MS. SPSS for Windows 16.0 program was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: 28 patients with NAFLD (21 women and 7 men) mean age was 49.57±7.85. In the control group (24 women and 4 men) mean age was 47.00±7.09. Age and gender did not differ significantly between the groups (p>0.05). Body weight, height and body mass index were similar in both groups while NAFLD patients had significantly higher waist circumference compared with controls (p<0.05). Fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, LDL, total cholesterol, ALT, AST, serum albumin, uric acid levels were significantly higher in NAFLD patients and HDL were significantly lower (p<0.05). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in Group I (p<0.05). The prevalence of MS found significantly higher in Group I (75% in Group I (21 patients) and 21.43% in Group II (6 patients) (p<0.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: NAFLD is associated with greater risk for all components of MS. While managing NAFLD all of these components should be consider. As well as weight control, bringing back to the ideal levels of waist circumference should be one of the goals of the treatment.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Gastrointestinal stromal tümörler (GiST), gastrointestinal sistemi tutan, normalde barsak duvarý nda bulunan intestinal pace maker hücrelerin (interstisyal Kajal hücreleri-ICC) veya bu hücrelerin prekürsörlerinin neoplastik transformasyonundan orijin aldýðý düþünülen mezenkimal tümörlerdir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: GiST patogenezinde çeþitli hücre siklus regülatörleri özellikle p16 nýn önemli rolü mevcuttur ancak, prognostik deðeri hakkýnda tartýþmalar devam etmektedir. p16 protein kaybýnýn yüksek riskli GiST’ler ile baðlantýlý olduðu düþünülmektedir.
BULGULAR: Son zamanlardaki çalýþmalarda p16 protein ekspresyonu kötü prognostik faktör olarak deðerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalýþmada; 1999-2009 yýllarý arasýnda Haydarpaþa Numune Eðitim ve Araþtýrma Hastanesinde GiST tanýsý alan 43 olguya ait parafin blok ve rapor arþivi incelendi.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Ýmmunhistokimyasal yöntem ile p16INK4a çalýþýldý. Sonuçlar ýþýk mikroskopisinde boyanma yoðunluklarý açýsýndan deðerlendirildi. p 16 ile kuvvetli (+++) boyanma gösteren tüm olgular risk kategorizasyonuna göre yüksek risk grubuna dahildi. Çok düþük, düþük, intermediate risk grubundaki olgularýn hiçbirinde p16 ile kuvvetli boyanma saptanmadý. Bu sonuç istatistiksel olarak anlamlý olup immunohistokimyasal yöntem ile p 16 ekspresyonunun belirlenmesinin GiST lerde baðýmsýz ve uygun bir prognostik parametre olarak kullanýlabileceðini göstermiþtir.

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST) are mesenchymal tumors which are thought to be originated from neoplastic transformation of intestinal pace maker cells normally found on intestine wall (interstisial Cajal cells-ICC) or their precursors.
METHODS: In pathogenesis of GIST, different cell cycle regulators especially p16 have important role, however discussions about their prognostic importance stil continues.
RESULTS: P16 protein loss is thought to be associated with high risk GIST. In recent studies p16 protein ekspression is assessed as bad prognostic factor. In this study, paraffin blocks and report archive of 43 subjects diagnosed as GIST in Haydarpafla Numune Hospital between years 1999-2009. P16INK4a is studied immunohistochemically.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Results are evaluated as dye density.According to risk categorisation, all subjects that are strongly(+++) painted with p16 are included in high risk group. None of the subjects in very low,low and intermediate risk group was painted strongly with p16.This result was statistically significant and evaluation ofimmunohistochemically defined p16 gene expression in GISTs can be accepted as an independent and proper prognostic parameter.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Geliþimsel kalça displazisi (GKD) çocukluk döneminde sýk görülen, tanýnýn gecikmesi durumunda morbiditeye neden olabilen bir hastalýktýr. Bu çalýþmanýn amacý yenidoðan döneminde GKD tanýsýnda tarama amaçlý yapýlan kalça ultrasonografisinin(USG) önemini literatür eþliðinde incelemektir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Ocak 2010- Kasým 2010 tarihleri arasýnda çocuk polikliniðine yenidoðan döneminde baþvuran 181 hasta ailelerin onamý alýndýktan sonra çalýþmaya alýndý. Doðumsal anomalileri olan bebekler çalýþma dýþý býrakýldý. Fizik muayenesinde anomali saptanmayan hastalara GKD saptanmasý amacýyla 6- 12 hafta arasý USG incelemesi yapýldý.
BULGULAR: Çalýþmaya dahil edilen 181 olgunun 108’i (% 59,7) kýz, 73’ü (% 40,3) erkek idi. Beþ olguda (% 2.8) GKD saptandý. inceleme sonucu Graf metoduna göre sýnýþandýrýldýðýnda 80’i (%44,2) tip Ia, 96’sý (%53) tip Ib, 4’ü (%2,2) tip iIave 1’i (%0,6) tip IIb kalça saptandý. Çalýþmamý zda tip IIa, IIb, III ve IV kalçalar displazik kabul edildi. Displazik kalça saptanan olgularýn tamamý nýn cinsiyeti kýz ve sol taraf etkilenmiþti. Patolojik GKD saptanan olgulara tedavi olarak çift bez önerildi ve dört hafta sonra kontrole çaðrýldý. Kontrolde sadece 1 hastada düzelme olmadýðý saptandý ve atele alýndý. Bu olgunun takibinde displazinin düzeldiði saptandý.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Literatürde saðlam çocuk takibinde fizik muayenenin dikkatli þekilde yapýlmasý ve risk faktörü varsa 4- 6 haftada USG istenmesi önerilmektedir. GKD tanýsýnýn erken konulmasý hem hastanýn yaþam kalitesini artýrmakta hem de ileri ki süreçte gerekebilecek cerrahi giriþimleri önleyebilir. Bu nedenle non invaziv, ucuz, kolay ulaþýlabilir ve radyasyon içermemesi gibi avantajlarý nedeniyle USG GKD’ nin erken dönemde tanýsýnda önemli bir yer tutmaktadýr.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study is to emphasize the importance o early detection of developmental hip dysplasia by newborn screening for hip ultrasonography (USG).
METHODS: 181 children admitted to our outpatient clinic in the neonatal period between January 2010 and November 2010 are included the study after taking their families informed consent. Infants with congenital anomalies were excluded from the study. The children whose physical examination are normal, are screened by hip ultrasonography between 6th- 12th weeks.
RESULTS: The study included 181 infants; 108 cases (59. 7%) were female and 73 (40.3%) were male. In 5 cases (%2.8) developmental hip dysplasia is determined. When the ultrasonography are classified according the Graf method; in 80of the children had type Ia (44. 2 %), in 96 of the children had type Ib (53%), in 4 of the children had type IIa (2.2%) and in 1 of the children had type IIb (0.6%) hip. In our study, type IIa, IIb, III and IV were considered dysplastic hips. All of the patients whom dysplastic hip are determined were female and the left side was affected. The patients with hip dysplasia are suggested to use double- cloth and called for control after 4 weeks. In the control only 1 patient hip dysplasia was persisted and applied a cast. In the follow- up this patients hip dysplasia is improved.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In healty children follow- up, the literature suggests to make a careful physical examination and if a risk factor is detected; recommends to examine by hip ultrasonography between postnatal 4th- 6th weeks. Early diagnose of hip dysplasia enhance the quality of life and can prevents the need of surgical interventions in the future. Fort his reason; hip ultrasonography which is non- invasive, cheap, easy to perform and which doesn’t contain radiation has an important place in early diagnose of hip dysplasia.

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INTRODUCTION: The insufflations of CO2 into the abdomen during laparoscopic surgery can cause gastric distention and gastroesophageal reflux. Devices used for keeping airway patent in difficult airway cases gained importance. In this study we compared the stress response and side effects of endotracheal intubation, ProSeal LMA and Supreme LMA in laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases.
METHODS: A total of 120 adult patients, classified as ASA I-II and undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (duration 1–2 h) were randomly allocated to one of three groups: endotracheal intubation group, ProSeal LMA group and Supreme LMA group.
RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the preoperative measurements of cortisol levels in all groups. The cortisol levels 1 min after intubation in group ETT was significantly higher than the cortisol levels measured in group ProSeal LMA and Supreme LMA. Peripheral oxygen saturation, end-tidal CO2, peak pressures, gastric and nasopharyngeal pH measurements were not different between groups. Hoarseness at postop 1 hour was found to be significantly higher in the group endotracheal intubation. Symptoms of hoarseness, sore throat and dysphagia were lower in the group ProSeal LMA and group Supreme LMA than that of the group endotracheal intubation. Insertion duration and insertion attempt number were not different between ProSeal LMA and Supreme LMA groups.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We concluded that PLMA and SLMA can be preferred instead of endotracheal intubation in laparoscopic surgical cases to provide effective ventilation with lesser side effects.

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Ýmmünoloji ve genetik, týbbýn hýzlý geliþen bilim dallarýdýr. Bu geliþmenin sonucu gittikçe artan yeni ve kendine özgü terminolojiler ve teknikler ortaya atýlmaktadýr. Öte yandan immünoloji ve genetik diðer týp dallarýyla taný ve tedavi alanlarýnda entegre olmuþtur. Bu derlemede immünoloji ve genetik bilimlerinin temel terimleri sunulmuþtur.

Immunology and genetics are the rapidly developing sciences of the Medicine which have novel and specific techniques and terminology. Also they have been entegrated to other medical sciences at diagnostic and therapeutic areas. In this review basic terminology of immunology and genetics have been presented.

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Çocukluk çaðýnda megaloblastik aneminin en sýk görülen sebebi vitamin B12 ve folik asit eksikliðidir. Eksikliði olan küçük çocuklar irritabilite, kusma, apati, hipotoni gibi nörokognitif retardasyon ve anemi,pansitopeni gibi hematolojik belirtiler gösterirler. Biz bu olguda, kliniðimize yorgunluk, megalobalastik anemi ile seyreden soluklukla getirilen 11 aylýk bebeði sunduk. Annenin serum vitamin B12 konsantrasyonu düþüktü. Bebeklik döneminde diyete baðlý vitamin B12 eksikliði az görülür. Rapor edilen olgular genellikle annelerinin vit B12 düzeyi düþük, anne sütü ile beslenen bebeklerdir. Biz, vitamin B12 düzeyleri sadece hematolojik parametreler deðil ayný zamanda çocuklarýn nörolojik geliþimleri içinde çok önemli rol oynadýðýndan, hamilelik ve laktasyon dönemi boyunca tüm annelerin hayvansal kaynaklý gýdalarla ve vit B12 takviyeli vitaminlerle desteklenmesi gerektiði sonucuna vardýk.

The most common cause of megaloblastic anaemia in childhood is the deficiency of vitamin B12 and folate. The infants and young children with the deficiency, show the symptoms of irritability,nausea, apathy, hypotony, norocognitive retardation and the haematological signs like anaemia and pancitopenia. In this case we reported an 11 months aged infant taken to our clinic with vomiting, failure to thrive, pallor with a magalobalstik anemia. Maternal serum vitamin B12 concentration was low. Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency in infancy is rare and most reported cases are breast fed infants of mothers who themselves are deficient in vitamin B12. We concluded that during pregnancy and lactation, mothers should be supported with animal foods and supplements fortified with vitamin B12, since the defence of vitamin B12 plays a role not only in haematological parameters (anemia),but in neurocognitive development of children as well.

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Sývý-elektrolit dengesizliði özellikle yoðun bakým ünitelerinde tedavi gören hastalarýn en önemli sorunlarýndan biridir. Bu sorunlardan gerek hipernatremi, gerek hiperpotasemi ayrý bir öneme sahiptir. Olgu sunumlarýmýzda peroperatif dönemde elektrolit dengesizliklerini belirlediðimiz ve baþarýlý þekilde tedavi ettiðimiz iki olgumuzu sunarak konuyu tartýþmayý amaçladýk.

Fluid and electrolyte imbalance, one of the most important problems, especially intensive care units patients. Both of hypernatremia and hyperkalemia have special importance. In our case reports, we aimed that discussion of the treatment of electrolyte imbalance in the perioperative period.

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