INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of conjunctival autograft in recurrent pterygium cases with unknown primary surgical intervention.
METHODS: Fourty six eyes of 43 patients who underwent recurrent pterygium excision and conjunctival autograft transplantation in Haydarpaþa Numune Education and Research Hospital between November 2009 and August 2013 were included in the study. Previous surgical interventon techniques were not known. Pterygium was excised with a crescent knife. Autograft which was taken from either superior or superotemporal conjunctiva was sutured with 8.0 polyglactine sutures to cover the bare sclera. The patients were followedup at least for 3 months. Complications and surgical results were noted. Progression of pterygium tissue on the corneal surface more than 2 mm from the limbus was accepted as recurrence.
RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 52.8 ±10.2 (20-73) years. Mean follow- up period was 5.6±2.1 months. The most common intraoperative complication was subconjunctival hematoma in 6 (13%) patients. After the operations, partial graft dislocation occurred in 3 (6.5%) patients and graft loss in 2 (4.3%) patients. Suture granuloma occurred in 4 (8.6%) patients. The granuloma was excised in 1 (2.1%) patient. In 3 (6.5%) patients, the granulomas disappeared with suture removal and steroid treatment. Recurrence occurred in 3 (6.5%) patients during the follow-up period.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Conjunctival autograft transplantation was found to be an efficient and safe procedure in the treatment of recurrent pterygium cases with unknown primary surgical intervention.

INTRODUCTION: Transthoracic fine needle aspiration/biopsy is a way to obtain histopathologic, cytologic and bacteriologic material from lung tissue.
METHODS: The diagnostic value of TTFNA in patients with pneumonia is between 61-83% and 33-97% with tuberculosis. We aimed to de- monstrate the diagnostic value of TTFNA in pulmonary infections.
RESULTS: We included in the study 74 times TTFNA of 54 patients retrospectively.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We detected the diagnostic value as 37%.

INTRODUCTION: To determine the effects of smoking and exposure type (active and passive) on pulmonary function tests in adolescents.
METHODS: 124 adolescents, ages between 13-18 years were included in the study in Ankara Training and Research Hospital Outpatient Clinic between June 2013 and March 2014. The demographic parameters were recorded and sociodemographic characteristics were evaluated with questionnaired fulfilled by the parents. Three groups were constituted. Active smokers (n: 43), passive smokers (n: 60) and nonsmokers (n: 21). The cases’ pulmonary function tests were determined with volumetric spirometry.
RESULTS: Prevelance of smoking habit is high in adolescents (%34).Active smokers’ FEV1 values were not significantly lower than passive and nonsmokers. Passive smokers have significantly lower FEV1, FEV25-75 and PEF values than other groups (P<0,05). Father’s of the passive smokers consumed significantly higher amounts of cigarette packet per year than father’s of active smokers (p<0,05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Smoking habit is high adolescents. Determining the respiratory function tests of passive smokers not signicantly different than active smokers group, but lower than nonsmokers group, suggest us that the rate of exposure is a more effective factor than type of exposure (active/ passive).

INTRODUCTION: Tinnitus is a phantom auditory sensation in the absence of any external acustic stimulus that has been seen most common otologic – neurotological symptom in population. Although there are several studies on the severity of sensation and the effects on life of tinnitus patients, there are limited studies about the effects of epidemiological, socioeconomic, clinical, audiological and psychosomatic parameters on measurable parameters of tinnitus. The aim of our study is to investigate the measurable parameters of tinnitus and demographic datas such as age and sex on psychosomatic status with Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI).
METHODS: The patients with subjective tinnitus were included to the study that applied to our clinic because of tinnitus. The objective tinnitus patients were excluded. The demographical datas were examined and audiologic examinations were applied to 31 patients. THI was applied to all patients.
RESULTS: When the demographical datas and audiologic examinations were analysed with THI, there was no significant relationship statically except the left pure tone avarage.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: THI is not effected from demographic parameters and audiometric findings.

INTRODUCTION: The most common reason of nasal obstruction is mechanic obstruction. The most common cause of mechanical obstruction is deviatio septi nasi and inferior turbinate hypertrophy. The aim of our study is to search the effective and the reliability of septal and turbinate surgery which has done in our clinic at the same time with different techniques, and also to discuss the results according to literature findings.
METHODS: This study is performed by retrospective investigation of data files belongs to the patients (42 female (%49) and 43 male (%51) totaly 85 patients (mean age 32,75 range 18 to 66 years) who admitted with the complaint of nasal obstruction and operated with the diagnosis of deviatio septi nasi and inferior turbinate hypertrophy. According to physical investigaton of the patients; septal surgery is performed in three different ways; standart septoplasty, open technique septoplasty or endoscopic septoplasty. Radiofrequency thermal ablation to the inferior concha, lateralization for hypertrophic inferior turbinates, endoscopic reduction of inferior concha and submucosal resection of inferior con- cha are the surgical procedures performed for inferior turbinate hypertrophy. 7 patients (%8) of 85 patients who underwent septal surgery have open technique septoplasty, 5 patients (%6) have endoscopic septoplasty and 73 (%86) patients have standart sep- toplasty. 42 patients (%49) who underwent inferior turbinate surgery have radiofrequency, 31 patients (%36) have submucosal resection of concha, 12 patients (%15) have endoscopic reduction of concha and also 21 patients (%25) have concha lateralization as a seconder process.
RESULTS: Post operative controls 1 patient has septal perforation (<0.5 cm) and 6 patients have epistaxis but not serious. Further more there is no serious complication in septal surgery. None of serious complication occured in turbinate surgery.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result in the treatment of septal deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy; the surgical procedures of both sides can be done at the same time with more efficacy and without important complication.

INTRODUCTION: It has been pointed out that the obligatory intracellular bacteria and some viruses may cause coronary atherosclerosis.
METHODS: This study was conducted to explore the relation between Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) and Cytome- galovirus infection and coronary atherosclerosis. Test group of 100 patients consists of 25 females and 75 males. Control group of 100 healthy blood donor volunteers consists of 26 females and 76 males. It was found that lgG antibodies specific to Chlamydia pneumoniae were seropositive in 67 patients while those antibodies were seropositive in 33 healthy volunteers.
RESULTS: Besides, it was also found that Cytomegalovirus lgG positive was positive in entire patients while it was positive in 85 of control group. When IgG antibodies specific to both Chlamydia pneumoniae and Cytomegalovirus in test group were compared to those in control group, it was seen that IgG antibodies were significantly higher in coronary artery patients (p<0.001, p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result, we concluded that infection diseases may be trigger factor for coronary artery.

INTRODUCTION: In this study we aimed to detect the species identification, distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida bloodstream isolates in a tertiary care hospital in west of Turkey.
METHODS: All Candida species isolated from blood cultures during the period December 2010 -No- vember 2013 in Ýzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital were enrolled in this study. For Candida species identification conventi- onal methods, colony appearance in candida chromogenic agar and for some unidentified isolates API ID32C AUX (BioMérieux, France) was used. Antifungal susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed with API ATB Fun- gus 3 (BioMérieux, France).
RESULTS: During the study period of the 23813 blood culture samples 268 (%1.12) Candida species were isolated. The distribution of the isolated Candida species were respectively detected as C.parapsilosis (%59.7), C.albi- cans (%19.8), C.tropicalis (%8.2), C.glabrata (%7.1) ve C.krusei (%1.9). When the Candida bloodstream isolates examined regarding to different units; in anesthesiology, neurology, pediatrics and neonatal ICU, solid organ transplantation unit and pediatrics and pediatric oncology units C. Parapsilosis, in internal medicine service and ICU C. Albicans and in general surgery unit C.glabrata was found as the most common isolate. Antifungal resistance of the Candida bloodstream isolates were detected as %0.7 for flucytosine, %0.7 for amfotericin B, %7.1 for fluconazole, %7.8 for ýtraconazole and %8.2 for voriconazole.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result, in our study, the most frequently isolated from blood cultures of yeast species has been found C. parapsilosis. High resistance rates for voriconazole in Candida species is remarkable. However, yeast species and antifungal susceptibility pattern varies according to clinics, which send to sample. Knowledge of distribution of Candida species and antifungal susceptibility patterns may be helpful empirical antifungal therapy selection in the candidemia patients which high morbidity and mortality such as septic shock.

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma has been increasing all around the world in the recent years.
METHODS: In this study, we have retrospectively reviewed data from 55 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma who admitted to Plastic Surgery Clinic of our Hospital between January 2003 and August 2013 (10 years).
RESULTS: The parameters that we have surveyed in patients included an- nual distribution of patients, age, gender, occupation, location of the lesions on the body surface, presence of nevus prior to melanoma, histopathological type, Breslow thickness, mitotic activity rates, stage at the diagnosis, metastasis rates in follow-up period. At the end of the study, we concluded that the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in our region has been increasing since 2003.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Mortality and morbidity rates, as well will decrease with early diagnosis and treatment.

Vesicouterine fistulas are rare complications encountered after lower uterine incision cesarean sections. Amenorrhea, cyclic hematuria and/or urinary incontinence are the clinical findings. This paper presents a case of vesicouterine fistula in a 32 year old woman with a history of three cesarean sections. She was admitted to our clinic with complaints of intermittent incontinence, amenorrhea and cyclic hematuria during menstrual period after her previous cesarean operation that was performed six years ago. There was no fistula opening in the vaginal examination. The methylene blue test showed coloured dye leakage from the cervical canal and cyctoscopic observation of fistula opening in the bladder confirmed the diagnosis. The fistula tract between the uterus and bladder was observed during la- parotomic evaluation. The fistula tract was excised and repaired, and finally operation ended with omental tissue interposition. The postoperative course was uneventful with a six month follow up. Surgery is the primary treatment modality in urogenital fistulas. Rarely, expectant management can be done via transient medical amenorrhea. Youssef syndrome (vesicouterinefistula) should be suspected and investigated, especially in women with a prior history of uterine surgery and complaints of cyclic hematuria and/or urinary incontinance. Repeated cesarean sections with uterine scar formation affect vascularization and increase tendency to develop fistula formation. Therefore optimal surgical practice is important for safe surgery.

Situs inversus totalis is an uncommon anatomic anomaly that the patient have diagnosis incidentally. Left sided appendicitis may be associated with intestinal malrotation and situs inversus totalis. We describe a rare case that appendicitis with SÝT.

Barth Syndrome, a rarely encountered recessive X-linked disease, mutates the Taffazzin gene located at Xq28 locus. Clinical findings of the syndrome include cardiomyopathy, proximal muscle myopathy, feeding difficulties, growth retardation, cyclic neutropenia, and suseptibility to infection. A case, diagnosed as Barth Syndrome, was presented in the study. The patient, a male, suffered from vomiting and feeding problems on the third day of life and succumbed to seve- re infection and neutropenia in the newborn period. He was diagnosed with cardiomyopathy including dilatation, hypertrophy, and non-compaction of the left ventricle charac- terized by a decreased systolic function.
In the sixth month of life, he was admitted to the hospital with feeding problems, failure to thrive, septisemia, congestive heart failure, and a large thrombotic lesion on the right buttock. He died after a short time. The diagnosis of Barth Syndrome was made according to his clinical history and clinical echocardiographic findings. Ýn order to im- prove prognosis for these patients, a timely diagnosis is essential along with the immediate implementation of treatment for cardiomyopathy and infection.

Encephalitis in childhood can be occured fulminant and mortal. Permanent morbidity is present even over 35% in treated patients.
In this study atypical encephalitis which is compatible with radiological encephalitis, but can not be determined by serologically active fulminant course and get benefit by acyclovir treatment with antibiotics, steroids and IVIG is presented.