INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to present the follow-up data of eleven patients with tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDL) with pointing the challenges of differential diagnosis and indicate the possible prognostic features.

METHODS: In our study, a retrospective analysis was performed by collecting clinical, laboratory and radiological findings with the prospective follow-up of 11 patients with TDL who presented with at least one cerebral demyelinating lesion (> 2cm) and admitted to Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital between 2000-2020.
RESULTS: 72.7% of the patients were female (n = 8) and 27.2% were male (n = 3). There was a female predominance (F / M = 2.66) and the mean age of onset was 33.45 years (18-68 years). While TDL was the first neurological event in 9 (81.8%) of 11 patients, 2 patients (18.1%) had developed TDL after the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Among 9 patients whose first neurological event was a tumefactive lesion, three of them were diagnosed with Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO), two patients with MS, and two patients with acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Two patients were followed up as TDL with a monophasic course. The average follow-up period was 62.16 months (1-180 months).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It is difficult to diagnose TDL by distinguishing it from other lesions, including brain tumors, with clinical and radiological findings. Detailed anamnesis, physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can eliminate the need for brain biopsy in patients for the diagnosis. Early diagnosis of TDL and aggressive immunomodulatory treatments may delay the progression to a second demyelinating event or clinically definite MS.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to compare serum levels of vitamin D3 in patients with and without helicobacter pylori infection detected with the upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination. We hypothesized that patients diagnosed with helicobacter pylori pathologically had low serum vitamin D3 levels.
METHODS: The study was held between 01.07.2019-31.03.2021, tertiary referee hospital. The upper gastrointestinal system endoscopic data of pediatric patients with treatment-resistant dyspeptic complaints who were followed up in the Pediatric Gastroenterology outpatient clinic of hospital between 01.07.2019 and 31.03.2021 were retrospectively evaluated. The age, height, height standard deviation score, weight, weight standard deviation score, body mass index, body mass index standard deviation score, and serum vitamin D3 levels of the patients who were divided into two groups according to the presence of helicobacter pylori histopathologically in the endoscopic biopsy samples were examined.
RESULTS: Eighty-six patients were evaluated, while 58 (67.44%) were girls, 28 (32.55%) were boys. The median age was 14.43 (Interquartile range = 4.99) years. Histopathological evaluation of biopsy materials taken from the antrum and corpus of 43 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed helicobacter pylori positivity in 43 patients (50.00%). Helicobacter pylori was not detected in 43 patients (50.00%).
The median vitamin D3 level was 10.00 ng/ml in the helicobacter pylori positive group (Interquartile range = 6.00), and the median was 14.00 ng/ml (Interquartile range = 9.30) in the negative group. This study found a significant difference between helicobacter pylori positive and helicobacter pylori negative patient groups in vitamin D3 serum levels (p = 0.033).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Vitamin D3 serum levels were found to be significantly lower in the helicobacter pylori positive group than that of controls (p = 0.033). This finding supports that mucosal damage may affect vitamin D3 absorption. Early diagnosis and treatment maintain their importance to prevent long-term consequences of chronic infection.

INTRODUCTION: Leukocyte function‐associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) is expressed on leukocyte surfaces and interacts with the intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM). Since LFA-1 may have roles in tumor survival and growth, so we aimed to investigate the effects of rs2230433 variation on colorectal cancer.
METHODS: 67 healthy subjects without any cancer history as control group and 100 subjects diagnosed with colorectal cancer as patient group were included in our study. DNA isolated from the blood samples and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods were performed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software for Windows, version 22.0 and p˂0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
RESULTS: LFA-1 rs2230433 genotypes and alleles were found similar between patient and control groups. No significant difference was observed between genotype and allele comparisons for disease risk assessment (p˃0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our results showed that LFA-1 rs2230433 is not associated with colorectal cancer.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity and the risk factors that play a role in the development of retinopathy, to evaluate the intravitreal ranibizumab treatment and its results in premature babies
METHODS: Babies with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks and / or a birth weight of 1500 grams and babies found to be at risk by the clinician were examined for the development of retinopathy. Risk factors including gestational week, birth weight, mode of delivery, gender, APGAR scores, need for mechanical ventilation, 40% oxygen therapy, oxygen therapy duration, surfactant treatment, acidosis, hypoxia, sepsis, erythrocyte transfusion, intraventricular bleeding, apnea and anemia, were compared in cases with and without retinopathy of prematurity.
RESULTS: The mean gestational weeks of babies were 30.1 ± 0.24 (23-36 weeks), the mean birth weight was 1362.3 ± 378.6 grams (450-2020 grams). Any stage of retinopathy of prematurity was detected in 21 (16.2%) of 130 evaluated patients. Intravitreal ranibizumab was applied to seven patients (5.3%) with stage III retinopathy, and both ranibizumab and laser therapy were applied to one patient with stage IV retinopathy. Low gestational week and birth weight (p <0.001), duration of oxygen treatment (p <0.001), surfactant treatment (p = 0.002), sepsis (p <0.001), blood transfusion (p <0.001), intraventricular hemorrhage (p = 0.019), apnea (p <0.001), anemia (p <0.001), hypoxia (p <0.001), acidosis (p <0.001) and decreased APGAR score (p <0.001) were found to statistically significantly increase the risk of retinopathy of prematurity
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Retinopathy development can be reduced by appropriate management of risk factors that increase retinopathy of prematurity, such as low gestational age and weight, high concentration and long-term use of oxygen. Although there is no definite recommendation for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity, intravitreal ranibizumab treatment is thought to be a good option in selected cases.

INTRODUCTION: Women spend most of their life in the postmenopausal period. This period brings along many metabolic problems with the decrease in estrogen production. Our purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of bone mineral density(BMD) on fracture risk assessment tool(FRAX) between groups with and without insulin resistance, investigate the importance of new risk factors in FRAX identification, and facilitate early prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of women with fractures risk.
METHODS: 68 patients admitted to our clinic with diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance during postmenopausal period were included in this study retrospectively. Those who had their routine biochemical parameters, insulin, and BMD measured were included in the study. Fracture risk analyses were performed with the FRAX score. BMIs and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) of the patients were calculated.
RESULTS: In the group with insulin resistance, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) value was low (p=0.014), and triglyceride(TG) level was high (p<0,0001). When 25(OH)Vit-D3 values were examined between the groups, the mean values were 22.8±13.6 and 15.7±11.8 ng/ml, respectively(p=0.026). When the femoral and lumbar T score BMD values between the groups were examined, the bone density of the patients with insulin resistance was significantly higher than the other group (p=0.039).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: To summarize, we believe that low bone quality is caused by a slowing bone cycle owing to long-term impaired glucose levels and long-term estrogen hormone deficiency caused by menopause. This suggests that the BMD value is not specific enough for determining bone fractures. The conclusion to be drawn here is to accurately establish the relation between DM or impaired glucose tolerance and osteoporosis; to constitute a guide for further prospective and large-scale studies that use different diagnostic and follow-up parameters; and to investigate the significance of new risk factors in FRAX identification for early prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of women who are at a risk of fractures.

It was declared a "pandemic" of COVID 19 infection by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. After this date, the service delivery capacity of the world health system has been exceeded, mostly due to patients with COVID 19 respiratory symptoms. However, the state hospitals in our country had to adapt quickly to this situation. In normal circumstances, it was already very difficult and costly to treat existing bed pressure wound patients being treated in many inpatient services, intensive care units and palliative services. In the integration phase, it was aimed at bringing the patients who are treated at home to the hospital as little as possible, if possible treating them at home, quickly closing hospitalized patients' wounds and discharging in the early period and preventing the opening of new pressure wounds. In this regard, training was given by the public hospital training units to wound care personnel, home care service personnel and family members undertaking care in homes.With this form of organization, opening new wounds of patients was prevented at home and hospitals, existing wounds were closed.During this difficult period, this group of patients who are so open to infection were tried to be protected in this way.

INTRODUCTION: Cytotoxicity assays are frequently used in cell culture and drug development studies. Some of these cytotoxicity assays may give incorrect results due to interactions of chemicals used in the assays. This study aimed to compare the results between the MTT and WST-1 assays, by using Black Sea propolis extract (BSPE) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on HCT-116 and DLD-1 colorectal cancer cell lines.
METHODS: HCT-116 and DLD-1 cells were treated with different doses of CAPE and BSPE. The cell viability was analyzed by MTT and WST-1 cytotoxicity assays comparatively. Afterward, cell death was examined morphologically by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining (AO/EB) and quantitatively by Annexin V/7AAD apoptosis detection method.
RESULTS: MTT and WST-1 assays showed different viability results on two cell lines with the same doses of BSPE. However, there was no significant difference between the results of two assays upon CAPE treatment with the same doses. AO/EB staining confirmed cell death following BSPE and CAPE treatment. All results from Annexin V/7AAD assay were consistent with the results of the WST-1 assay, particularly for BSPE treatment.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In the determination of the cytotoxic effects of BSPE, WST-1 assay reflected more precise results than MTT assay. However, two assays showed similar results when the cytotoxic effects of CAPE were determined. Consequently, WST-1 assay is found to be more reliable than MTT assay in the cytotoxicity analysis of a natural product such as BSPE.

INTRODUCTION: One of the affected systems in rheumatic diseases is the respiratory system. This study was carried out to investigate the pulmonary involvement findings and the respiratory function tests in rheumatic diseases.
METHODS: Rheumatic patients, who were requested consultation by the Baðcýlar Training and Research Hospital Department of Chest Diseases between 2015 and 2017, have been included in the study. A total of 110 patients; 64 rheumatoid arthritis, 43 ankylosing spondylitis, 2 psoriatic arthritis and 1 Behcet were included. Pulmonary involvement findings, respiratory examination findings and pulmonary function tests (RFT) in chest X - ray and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were examined.
RESULTS: 33.64% normal and 66.36% abnormal findings were observed in HRCT findings. Abnormal HRCT findings were found in 70% of RA patients (n: 45) and in 58% of patients with AS (n: 25). When RFTs were examined, 50.0% normal, 32.7% restrictive type respiratory disorder, 15.5% mixed type respiratory disorder and 1.8% obstructive respiratory disorder were observed.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Pulmonary involvement with rheumatic diseases can be seen in different ways. HRCT and RFT provide information on the prevalence and grade of pulmonary disease. It leads to correct diagnosis and treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Clinical correlates of the proposed restrictive type Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD/R) is not well established in adolescents. There is still contraversy on the validity of ADHD/R as a distinct entity from ADHD predominantly inattentive (ADHD/I). This study aims to define the clinical symptoms of of ADHD/R and compare of ADHD/R with other subtypes of ADHD in adolescents.
METHODS: A total of 87 adolescents (mean: 143 months, 73.5% male) with a DSM-V ADHD diagnosis were included. ADHD subtypes, including the proposed restrictive subtype, were diagnosed based on clinical interview, parental reports and teacher reports. Study measures, included the Turgay DSM-IV based ADHD rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S) parent and teacher forms, Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) and Conners' Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS-R).
RESULTS: 39 adolescents (44.8%) had ADHD combined (ADHD/C), 33 (37.9%) had ADHD/I and 15 (17.2%) had ADHD/R subtype. Regarding gender, no significant difference was found between ADHD/I and ADHD/R. Regarding the parent-rated scales; the total, hyperactivity, conduct problems and oppositional scores of T-DSM-IV-S; and the total, hyperactivity and learning problems scores of CPRS were found to be higher in adolescents with ADHD/I when compared to those with ADHD/R (p<0.05). Among the teacher-rated scores; no significant difference was found between ADHD/I and ADHD/R, except for the T-DSM-IV-S inattentivess score. Several scores of the study scales, including the total and hyperactivity scores, were found to be higher in adolescents with ADHD/C when compared to ADHD/R (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: When compared to those with ADHD/R, adolescents with ADHD/I had higher scores on most of the parent-rated externalized behavioral problem scores. Our findings suggest that the differences between ADHD/R and ADHD/I are mainly based on the presence and severity DSM symptom dimensions. Future studies are needed to clarify the correlates of ADHD/R in adolescents with ADHD.

INTRODUCTION: Lenticulostriate arteries (LSA) are main truncal branches of middle cerebral artery. Their number changes between 6 to 12 and they supply n.lentiformis, external part of n.caudatus, anterior and dorsal parts of internal capsule and limited parts of globus pallidus. LSA infarcts constitute 1-2% of all cerebral ischemic accidents. In this study we investigated the demographic datas and etiologic risk factors of 143 patients (68 males, 75 females) who were treated in our inpatient clinic between the years 2013-2018 with the diagnosis of LSA infarction.
METHODS: The mechanism of stroke was determined based on the Trial of Org 10172 in the Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification. Significant stenosis of internal carotid artery (ICA) was defined as stenosis >50% or occlusion of the artery relevant to the infarction. Infarct locations were determined by using MRI scan. Stroke severity of patients were classified according to National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) as mild (<8), moderate (8-14) and severe (>14). Prognosis of patients was classified according to modified Rankin Scale (mRS) as good prgnosis (mRS: 0-2) and bad prognosis (mRS: 3-6).
RESULTS: There was no difference between etiology of stroke and prognosis (p: 0.206). A correlation was found between smoking and early-term prognosis (p<0.001 rho: 0.458). Univariate analysis showed that there was no difference between the patients with poor functional outcome and age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease or hypercholesterolemia. The patients with poor functional outcome had more commonly current smoking history, higher initial NIHSS score and higher mRS scores.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: LSA infarcts have been seen relatively less common compared to other vascular territory infarcts and etiologically related to atherotrombosis and cardioembolism. In this study we showed a similar distribution of risk factors with the literature reports by evaluating the demographic data of LSA infarct patients.

INTRODUCTION: Different approaches are used depending on placement of mesh in the surgical treatment of incisional hernia. These methods have controversial results in terms of wound complications and recurrence. In this study, it was aimed to compare open mesh repair of incisional hernia using the approaches of "onlay" and "sublay" mesh placement in terms of complications and recurrence.
METHODS: Patients who underwent mesh repair of incisional hernia in our hospital for a 2-year retrospective study were evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups according to the placement of the polypropylene mesh: "onlay" (Group O, n = 27) and "sublay" (Group S, n = 25). Demographic and clinical data of the patients were recorded. Postoperative early (seroma, hematoma, wound infection) and late (chronic pain, recurrence) complications were compared between groups.
RESULTS: There were 52 patients in the study with a mean age of 60.4 ± 12 years. There was no difference between the groups in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics (p> 0.05). The mean duration of the surgery in Group S was significantly longer than Group O (p = 0.02). Although the length of hospital stay was longer in Group S, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the length of hospital stay (p = 0.067). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of early and late wound complications (p> 0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference between early and late wound complications after mesh repair of incisional hernia with "onlay" and "sublay" methods. Both methods can be applied with similar efficacy and safety.

INTRODUCTION: Dermal sinus tract is a midline lesion between skin and deep tissues. They are crucial to be early diagnosed before leading to severe complications. In this paper, we report 5 spinal dermal sinus tract cases that were lead to intradural/intramedullary abscess formations because of late diagnose or late admission to hospital.
METHODS: The patients with spinal dermal sinus tract who were operated in the authors’ department between January 2010 to September 2019 were investigated from medical records.
RESULTS: Five patients diagnosed with intradural/intramedullary abscess due to spinal dermal sinus tract were found. It is understood that all abscess formations were complications of undiagnosed and missed spinal dermal sinus tracts.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Dermal sinus tract is one of the important pathologies that pediatricians and neurosurgeons should pay attention to. Missing or delay in diagnosis can lead to irreversible deficits.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to examine the story, clinical findings, initial computed tomography (CT) findings and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results and evaluate the consistency of this data.
METHODS: This is a multi-center retrospective study and out of patients aged 18 and over who were evaluated for COVID-19 in the emergency department between 01.04.2020 and 01.05.2020. Data regarding the patients such as age, gender, comorbidity, COVID-19 contact, symptoms, vital findings, laboratory parameters, CT findings, hospitalization status and case fatality rate (CFR) were examined.
RESULTS: 62.4% of 687 patients were male, the mean age was 49.7. 49.9% of patients had at least one comorbidity. The most common symptoms were fever (61.6%), cough (56.5%), dyspnea (33.2%). 33.9% of patients had RT-PCR positivity, 69.9% had CT positivity, and 72.5% had both RT-PCR and CT positivity. Sensitivity of CT was 72.5, its specificity was 31.5% and its accuracy was 45.5%. Most common CT pattern was pure GGO (47.9%). CFR was 6% and it was significantly higher in both RT-PCR and CT positive patients (p=0.01). According to logistic regression analysis, male gender (p=0.037; OR: 0.385; 95% CI, 0.157–0.943), higher age (p=0.000; OR: 1.068; 95% CI, 1.031–1.106) and comorbidity presence (p=0.008; OR: 5.374; 95% CI, 1.539–7.618) were found to be associated with mortality.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In our study, we found that using RT-PCR and CT together and supporting them with clinical data was the strongest approach in the diagnosis of COVID-19 cases.

INTRODUCTION: Mechanical ventilation is frequently applied in 3rd level intensive care units. Some patients may require re-intubation due to positive fluid balance, electrolyte imbalances, prolonged mechanical ventilation, protein-energy imbalances or age. Re-intubation causes increases in morbidity and mortality in intensive care. Hence we investigated the rates and causes of re-intubation in our clinic.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the files of patients hospitalized in intensive care during the 18-month period from 01.06.2018 to 01.01.2019.We recorded patients with successful intubation and patients who were reintubated.
RESULTS: 84 patients who met the criteria were included in the study. The patients were studied under two groups, namely 43 re-intubed patients (51.2%) and 41 successfully extubated patients (48.8%). Mean age, apache II values and comorbidity rates of the re-intubation group were statistically significantly higher than of the successful extubation group. The rate of inotrope treatment (48.8%) in the re-intubation group was statistically significantly higher than in the successful extubation group (14.6%). No statistically significant difference was found between re-intubation and successful extubation groups in terms of energy and protein intake.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Mechanical ventilation treatment in intensive care can usually be finished without any problems. However, some patients may need mechanical ventilation treatment again. Reintubation can occur as an unexpected result of mechanical ventilation and increase mortality in intensive care. Reintubation-mortality relationship has been shown in many studies. Our study reports that mortality rate is approximately twofold in re-intubed patients. Therefore, before planning the extubation of patients, correcting the main problem causing respiratory support and reviewing other risk factors that may cause reintubation, will reduce the risk of reintubation.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to evaluate the traumatic consequences of in-vehicle phaeton accidents.
METHODS: The study is a retrospective and observational study. Patients who admitted to the emergency department (ED) due to phaeton accidents, in a period of 8 years between 2011 and 2019, in a tertiary university hospital, were included in the study. The data were scanned twice from the hospital automation system. Patients who met the inclusion criteria and did not met the exclusion criteria were included in the study. Demographic data and injury regions of the patients were examined in the study. Statistical significance was accepted as p <0.05.
RESULTS: There were 124 patients included in this study, which 52 were women and 72 were men. Mortality was seen in 35 (28.2%) patients. In Ex cases, the percentage of nasal, subdural, epidural, intraparenchymal, skull fractures, intestinal perforation, intraabdominal free mai, pelvis, femur, pneumothorax, hemothorax, rib fracture and soft tissue injury were found to be higher than the survivor cases (p <0.05 ).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Phaeton accidents are serious injuries that can cause fatal consequences. Mortality rates in these accidents can be reduced through increasing the safety measures integrated into the vehicle.

INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin and as it can be acquired endogenously, it is also a group of sterol that can function as hormones. Vitamin D has effects on calcium, phosphor metabolism and bone mineralization and plays a vital role in general health and well-being. 25 Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) level should be checked to determine vitamin D levels. The objective of the study was to determine whether patients presenting to our hospital with widespread body pain had vitamin D deficiency and determine the difference in 25-OH D levels based on age and gender.
METHODS: 25-OH vitamin D levels in patients who presented to the family practice clinic in Hospital between the dates 01.04 / 30.11/2018 were examined retrospectively. Patients with widespread body pain included in the study (n=473) were classified based on age and gender. Number Cruncher Statistical System 2007 (Kaysville, Utah) program was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: 13.5% (n=64) of the subjects had severe vitamin D deficiency, 51.6% (n=244) had vitamin D deficiency and 26.9% (n=127) had vitamin D insufficiency. A statistically significant difference found in vitamin D results between the two genders and vitamin D levels in women were lower than vitamin D levels in men (p=0.001; p<0.01). No significant difference was found between age groups (r: 0.051; p=0.271; p>0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The mean 25-OH D level of 473 patients with widespread body pain was less than 30 ng/ml. This was thought to be caused by insufficient exposure to sunlight and dietary factors and vitamin D supplements can be recommended to these people.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic value of the pretreatment neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte lymphocyte ratio (MLR) in the diagnosis of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS).
METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled a total of 98 GBS patients and 101 healthy control (HC).
RESULTS: Our study showed that GBS patients had higher level of NLR,PLR and MLR compared with HC (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). We investigated the effectiveness of NLR, PLR and MLR in prediction of GBS using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. NLR had the highest area under curve (AUC) (0.912, 95% CI, 0.870 to 0.954), followed by MLR and PLR (AUC = 0.811, 0.753, respectively).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: NLR, PLR and MLR can be considered as a potential inflammatory biomarker for GBS patients

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes guidelines recommend routine screening for autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) and celiac disease, especially in cases of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, level of evidence is weak (expert opinion), and for adult-onset T1D even less clear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of comorbid autoimmune diseases (ADs) in childhood-onset and adult-onset T1D patients, and to compare distribution of individual ADs with those with T2D.
METHODS: Among a total of 1594 adult diabetes patients who were consecutively followed by a single Diabetes Center, 22%(n=351) had T1D. Patients with T1D were screened for ATD, pernicious anemia, vitiligo, celiac, and when clinically relevant for Addison’s, and other organ-specific/systemic autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases. To compare distribution of ADs we included a group of 50 T2D patients with at least one known autoimmunity. Additionally, relationship between ADs, level of glycemic control, presence of micro-and macrovascular complications were investigated.
RESULTS: The prevalence of AD was 26.2% in T1D with females being more affected than males. ATD was the most prevalent, followed by pernicious anemia, vitiligo, celiac, and premature gonadal failure. Over 60% had single (mostly ATD; T1D 83.6%, T2D 68.6%), and over 20% had double AD with no significant difference between T1D and T2D. Of T1D patients, 8.2% had triple AD. The majority of ATDs was Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and/or hypothyroidism, only 12% had Graves’ disease (T1D 10.9%, and T2D 14%). In T1D women, pernicious anemia (22.8%), vitiligo (9.8%), and celiac (8.7%) were the most common comorbidities of ATD. There was no significant relationship between the frequency of ADs and individual ADs and glycemic control, age-at-onset of diabetes, and micro-and macrovascular complications.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Screening for ATD should be included in routine management protocol of adult-onset T1D as recommended in those with childhood-onset. Furthermore, we suggest investigation for pernicious anemia, vitiligo, and celiac disease in women with T1D.

INTRODUCTION: Corpus callosum agenesis is a rare congenital condition result from a fiberal malformation. Individuals with corpus callosum agenesis may have different symptoms. This study aims to introduce a rare condition and inform about ongoing assessment and treatment processes.
METHODS: 1 participant diagnosed with corpus callosum agenesis who is 42 months was assessed with TEDÝL and TÝGE assessment tests and had speech and language therapy for 18 months. While therapy was continuing, the second evaluation was carried out.
RESULTS: The participant was found to produce only 5-6 single words in the beginning of intervention besides exhibiting many of behavioral problems. With 18 month sessions, the participant was able to not only use more words, word combination and pragmatic gestures but also have eye contact, imitation skills and less behavioral problems.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results were similar to the ones in related studies which focus on corpus callosum agenesis which shows that the participant has had developmental delay and speech & language disorder. It is stated that intervention and assessment process is better conducted with multidisciplinary team

Intra-Abdominal Mass in Newborns: Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma

Invasive fungal infections (IFEs) are significant causes of morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with hematological malignancies and immune deficiency. The fungus Aspergillus is the most commonly detected cause of IFEs in this patient group, although recent studies have reported rare fungi as the causative agent. We present here the case of an 80-year-old male patient who was undergoing remission induction chemotherapy due to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The patient developed an invasive pulmonary fungal infection caused by the fungus Spiromastix during therapy with liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) following posaconazole prophylaxis (POS), and was treated successfully with voriconazole (VOR). There have been two studies to date in literature detailing the isolation of the fungus Spiromastix, although this is the first case report from Turkey.